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Bioremediation of highly contaminated oilfield soil: Bioaugmentation for enhancing aromatic compounds

Jun QIAO, Chengdong ZHANG, Shuiming LUO, Wei CHEN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第2期页码 293-304 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0561-9

摘要： This study evaluated the effectiveness of different amendments—including a commercial NPK fertilizer, a humic substance (HS), an organic industrial waste (NovoGro), and a yeast-bacteria consortium—in the remediation of highly contaminated (up to 6% of total petroleum hydrocarbons) oilfield soils. The concentrations of hydrocarbon, soil toxicity, physicochemical properties of the soil, microbial population numbers, enzyme activities and microbial community structures were examined during the 90-d incubation. The results showed that the greatest degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) was observed with the biostimulation using mixture of NPK, HS and NovoGro, a treatment scheme that enhanced both dehydrogenase and lipase activities in soil. Introduction of exogenous hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria (in addition to biostimulation with NPK, HS and NovoGro) had negligible effect on the removal of TPH, which was likely due to the competition between exogenous and autochthonous microorganisms. Nonetheless, the addition of exogenous yeast-bacteria consortium significantly enhanced the removal of the aromatic fraction of the petroleum hydrocarbons, thus detoxifying the soil. The effect of bioaugmentation on the removal of more recalcitrant petroleum hydrocarbon fraction was likely due to the synergistic effect of bacteria and fungi.

关键词： bioremediation petroleum hydrocarbon biostimulation bioaugmentation

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Impacts of n-alkane concentration on soil bacterial community structure and alkane monooxygenase genes abundance during bioremediation processes

Yueqiao Liu, Aizhong Ding, Yujiao Sun, Xuefeng Xia, Dayi Zhang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1064-5

摘要：

Soil microbial community is not significantly shaped by alkane concentrations

Alkane concentrations alter dominant alkane degraders in soils

Different alkanes are preferentially degraded at different contamination level

Different types of alkane monooxygenase genes responsible for alkane degradation

关键词： Petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated site n-alkane contamination level n-alkane biodegradation Soil bacterial community Alkane degraders Alkane-monooxygenase genes

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Full scale amendment of a contaminated wood impregnation site with iron water treatment residues

Sanne Skov NIELSEN, Peter KJELDSEN, Rasmus JAKOBSEN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0842-1

摘要： Iron water treatment residues are a free by-product with high concentration of iron oxides Iron water treatment residues has a large potential for arsenic sorption Soils are highly contaminated by arsenic at wood preservation sites Iron water treatment residues were added to hot spots contaminated with arsenic The addition led to significant decrease in leaching of arsenic from the contaminated soil Iron water treatment residues (Fe-WTR) are a free by-product of the treatment of drinking water with high concentration of iron oxides and potential for arsenic sorption. This paper aims at applying Fe-WTR to a contaminated site, measuring the reduction in contaminant leaching, and discussing the design of delivery and mixing strategy for soil stabilization at field scale and present a cost-effective method of soil mixing by common contractor machinery. Soil contaminated by As, Cr, and Cu at an abandoned wood impregnation site was amended with 0.22% (dw) Fe-WTR. To evaluate the full scale amendment a 100 m test site and a control site (without amendment) were monitored for 14 months. Also soil analysis of Fe to evaluate the degree of soil and Fe-WTR mixing was done. Stabilization with Fe-WTR had a significant effect on leachable contaminants, reducing pore water As by 93%, Cu by 91% and Cr by 95% in the upper samplers. Dosage and mixing of Fe-WTR in the soil proved to be difficult in the deeper part of the field, and pore water concentrations of arsenic was generally higher. Despite water logged conditions no increase in dissolved iron or arsenic was observed in the amended soil. Our field scale amendment of contaminated soil was overall successful in decreasing leaching of As, Cr and Cu. With minor improvements in the mixing and delivery strategy, this stabilization method is suggested for use in cases, where leaching of Cu, Cr and As constitutes a risk for groundwater and freshwater.

关键词： Field experiment Iron oxide Arsenic Stabilization Wood preservation sites

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Application of probabilistic risk assessment at a coking plant site contaminated by Polycyclic Aromatic

XIA Tianxiang,JIANG Lin,JIA Xiaoyang,ZHONG Maosheng,LIANG Jing

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第3期页码 441-450 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0572-6

摘要： Application of Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) and Deterministic Risk Assessment (DRA) at a coking plant site was compared. By DRA, Hazard Quotient (HQ) following exposure to Naphthalene (Nap) and Incremental Life Cancer Risk (ILCR) following exposure to Benzo(a)pyrene (Bap) were 1.87 and 2.12 × 10 . PRA revealed valuable information regarding the possible distribution of risk, and risk estimates of DRA located at the 99.59th and 99.76th percentiles in the risk outputs of PRA, which indicated that DRA overestimated the risk. Cleanup levels corresponding acceptable HQ level of 1 and ILCR level of 10 were also calculated for both DRA and PRA. Nap and Bap cleanup levels were 192.85 and 0.14 mg·kg by DRA, which would result in only 0.25% and 0.06% of the exposed population to have a risk higher than the acceptable risk, according to the outputs of PRA. The application of PRA on cleanup levels derivation would lift the cleanup levels 1.9 times for Nap and 2.4 times for Bap than which derived by DRA. For this coking plant site, the remediation scale and cost will be reduced in a large portion once the method of PRA is used. Sensitivity analysis was done by calculating the contribution to variance for each exposure parameter and it was found that contaminant concentration in the soil ( ), exposure duration ( ), total hours spent outdoor per day ( ), soil ingestion rate ( ), the air breathing rate ( ) and bodyweight ( ) were the most important parameters for risk and cleanup levels calculations.

关键词： Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) a coking plant risk cleanup level sensitivity analysis polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)

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中国石化非常规油气资源潜力及勘探进展

马永生,冯建辉,牟泽辉,赵培荣,包书景,王烽

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第6期页码 22-30

摘要：

中国石油化工集团有限公司（简称中国石化）矿权区内拥有较为丰富的非常规油气资源，煤层气可勘探面积为10.19万km²，煤层埋深小于2 000 m的煤层气地质资源量为11.02万亿m³。页岩气可供勘探面积为17.5万km²，初步估算页岩气地质资源量为15.9万亿m³。页岩油勘探面积为11.76万km²，具有较大的资源基础及潜力。中国石化自2004年开始关注非常规油气资源，先后启动了页岩油气、煤层气等非常规油气资源的研究和勘探工作。目前在泌阳凹陷页岩油勘探泌页HF-1水平井分段压裂后获日产油23.6 m³；元坝地区多口陆相钻井测试获得高产气流，建南地区建页HF-1井日产气12 300 m³；延川南区块煤层气已探明地质储量为106.47亿m³，多口井排采获工业气流，初步形成了中国石化非常规油气资源多类型、多阶段的勘探开发格局。

关键词：中国石化非常规油气油气资源勘探

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Washing out heavy metals from contaminated soils from an iron and steel smelting site

Guangxu ZHU,Qingjun GUO,Junxing YANG,Hanzhi ZHANG,Rongfei WEI,Chunyu WANG,Marc PETERS,Xiaoyong ZHOU,Jun YANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第4期页码 634-641 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0713-6

摘要： Washing is a promising method for separating contaminants bound to the particles of soil by chemical mobilization. Laboratory batch washing experiments were conducted using deionized water and varying concentrations of oxalic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid and ethylenediaminetetra acetic acid (EDTA) to assess the efficiency of using these chemicals as washing agents and to clean up heavy metals from two heavily polluted soils from an iron and streel smelting site. The toxicity reduction index and remediation costs were analyzed, and the results showed that the soils were polluted with Cd, Pb and Zn. Hydrochloric acid and EDTA were more efficient than the other washing agents in the remediation of the test soils. The maximum total toxicity reduction index showed that 0.5 mol·L hydrochloric acid could achieve the remediation with the lowest costs.

关键词： heavy metals soil washing toxicity reduction index iron and steel smelting site

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Microbial remediation of aromatics-contaminated soil

Ying Xu, Ning-Yi Zhou

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0894-x

摘要： Aromatics-contaminated soils were successfully remediated with adding single strains. Bacterial or fungal consortia were successfully used in the cases of bioaugmentation. Microbes combined with chemical or biological factors increase remediation efficiency. The environmental factors had appreciable impacts on the bioaugmentation. Aromatics-contaminated soil is of particular environmental concern as it exhibits carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Bioremediation, a biological approach for the removal of soil contaminants, has several advantages over traditional soil remediation methodologies including high efficiency, complete pollutant removal, low expense and limited or no secondary pollution. Bioaugmentation, defined as the introduction of specific competent strains or consortia of microorganisms, is a widely applied bioremediation technology for soil remediation. In this review, it is concluded which several successful studies of bioaugmentation of aromatics-contaminated soil by single strains or mixed consortia. In recent decades, a number of reports have been published on the metabolic machinery of aromatics degradation by microorganisms and their capacity to adapt to aromatics-contaminated environments. Thus, microorganisms are major players in site remediation. The bioremediation/bioaugmentation process relies on the immense metabolic capacities of microbes for transformation of aromatic pollutants into essentially harmless or, at least, less toxic compounds. Aromatics-contaminated soils are successfully remediated with adding not only single strains but also bacterial or fungal consortia. Furthermore several novel approaches, which microbes combined with physical, chemical or biological factors, increase remediation efficiency of aromatics-contaminated soil. Meanwhile, the environmental factors also have appreciable impacts on the bioaugmentation process. The biostatistics method is recommended for analysis of the effects of bioaugmentation treatments.

关键词： Aromatics-contaminated soil Bacteria Bioaugmentation Bioremediation Fungi

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Influence of site conditions on seismic design parameters for foundations as determined via nonlinearsite response analysis

Muhammad Tariq A. CHAUDHARY

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第1期页码 275-303 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0685-0

摘要： Site conditions, including geotechnical properties and the geological setting, influence the near-surface response of strata subjected to seismic excitation. The geotechnical parameters required for the design of foundations include mass density ( ), damping ratio ( ), shear wave velocity ( ), and soil shear modulus ( ). The values of the last three parameters are sensitive to the level of nonlinear strain induced in the strata due to seismic ground motion. In this study, the effect of variations in soil properties, such as plasticity index ( ), effective stress ( ), over consolidation ratio (OCR), impedance contrast ratio ( ) between the bedrock and the overlying strata, and depth of soil strata over bedrock ( ), on seismic design parameters ( , , and ) was investigated for National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) site classes C and D, through 1D nonlinear seismic site response analysis. The Morris one-at-a-time (OAT) sensitivity analysis indicated that , , and were significantly influenced by variations in , while affected more than it affected and . However, the influence of on these parameters was less significant. It was also found that variations in soil properties influenced seismic design parameters in soil type D more significantly than in soil type C. Predictive relationships for , , and were derived based on the 1D seismic site response analysis and sensitivity analysis results. The , , and values obtained from the analysis were compared with the corresponding values in NEHRP to determine the similarities and differences between the two sets of values. The need to incorporate and in the metrics for determining , , and for the seismic design of foundations was highlighted.

关键词： site effects 1D seismic site response analysis sensitivity analysis foundations shear wave velocity soil shear modulus

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Mitigation and remediation technologies for organic contaminated soils

Lizhong ZHU, Li LU, Dong ZHANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 373-386 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0253-7

摘要： Organic contaminated soils have become a widespread environmental problem, which may lead to a great threat to the quality of agricultural production and to human health. Physical, chemical, and biological technologies have been employed for the mitigation and remediation of organic contaminated soils. This paper reviews the progress of mitigation and remediation technologies for organic contaminated soils and suggests two different strategies for the mitigation of ‘slightly-contaminated’ agricultural soils and the remediation of ‘heavily-contaminated’ soils/sites, respectively. On this basis, directions for future research in this field are suggested.

关键词： organic contaminated soil mitigation remediation bioavailability

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Remediation of arsenic contaminated soil by sulfidated zero-valent iron

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1377-z

摘要：

• Sulfidation significantly enhanced As(V) immobilization in soil by zerovalent iron.

关键词： Soil As(V) Sulfidation Zero-valent iron Magnetic separation

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中国古生代海相油气成藏特征

康玉柱

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第5期页码 11-17

摘要：

1970―1978年笔者在塔里木油气地质调研中首次提出古生代有发育的烃源岩，1984年沙参2井实现了古生代海相油田的首次重大突破。1992年通过多个古生代油气田深入研究建立了古生代海相油气成藏理论。其理论内涵：叠加复合盆地成藏，多时代多层系生油，多期成藏，多时代多类型储盖组合，多成藏模式，油气主要分布在古隆起、古斜坡、断裂带和不整合面附近。

关键词：古生代海相油气田盆地隆起坳陷油气分布

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Review on remediation technologies for arsenic-contaminated soil

Xiaoming Wan, Mei Lei, Tongbin Chen

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1203-7

摘要： • Recent progress of As-contaminated soil remediation technologies is presented. • Phytoextraction and chemical immobilization are the most widely used methods. • Novel remediation technologies for As-contaminated soil are still urgently needed. • Methods for evaluating soil remediation efficiency are lacking. • Future research directions for As-contaminated soil remediation are proposed. Arsenic (As) is a top human carcinogen widely distributed in the environment. As-contaminated soil exists worldwide and poses a threat on human health through water/food consumption, inhalation, or skin contact. More than 200 million people are exposed to excessive As concentration through direct or indirect exposure to contaminated soil. Therefore, affordable and efficient technologies that control risks caused by excess As in soil must be developed. The presently available methods can be classified as chemical, physical, and biological. Combined utilization of multiple technologies is also common to improve remediation efficiency. This review presents the research progress on different remediation technologies for As-contaminated soil. For chemical methods, common soil washing or immobilization agents were summarized. Physical technologies were mainly discussed from the field scale. Phytoextraction, the most widely used technology for As-contaminated soil in China, was the main focus for bioremediation. Method development for evaluating soil remediation efficiency was also summarized. Further research directions were proposed based on literature analysis.

关键词： Arsenic field-scale Immobilization Phytoextraction Soil washing

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Persistent Integration and Innovation Management Mode and Its Applications in Petroleum Production Engineering

He Liu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第4期页码 339-343 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015055

摘要： This paper proposes a new management mode named the persistent integration and innovation management mode to satisfy the requirements by the fast development at oilfields. Taking engineering philosophy as the guidance and technical innovations in petroleum production engineering as the breaking point, the management mode combines long term production practice at oilfields with modern management methods. The management mode integrates intellectuals, techniques, capital, and information and so on to accomplish global optimization of resource configuration. Sets of new techniques, new methods, new technologies and new equipment in petroleum production engineering have been proposed under the guidance of the management mode, achieving great social and economic benefits.

关键词： integration and innovation engineering philosophy petroleum production engineering Daqing Oilfield

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Global perspectives and future research directions for the phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1507-2

摘要：

• The overall global perspective of the PHMCS field was obtained.

关键词： Heavy metal-contaminated soil Hot topics Knowledge mapping analysis Knowledge base Phytoremediation

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Cement-based solidification/stabilization of contaminated soils by nitrobenzene

Jianguo LIU, Xiaoqin NIE, Xianwei ZENG, Zhaoji SU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第3期页码 437-443 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0406-y

摘要： The cement-based solidification/stabilization (S/S) of nitrobenzene (NB) contaminated soils, with cement and lime as binders, sodium silicate solution and powder activated carbon (PAC) as additives, was optimized through an orthogonal experiment, and S/S efficiency was estimated by both leaching test and volatilization measurement. The leaching test results showed that the factors affecting S/S efficiency were NB concentration, cement-to-lime ratio and binder-to-soils ratio, in sequence. With increasing curing time, the leaching concentration of NB between different levels of the same factor in the orthogonal experiment decreased, and less than 9% NB leached out from the 28 d cured samples. The volatilization measurement results indicated that 0.5‰ of NB was volatilized during the mixing and curing processes for the samples without PAC in the 28 d cycle, whereas adding 2 wt% and 5 wt% PAC, with respect to the weight of contaminated soils, could reduce NB volatilization to half of its original values either during the mixing or curing process. The optimizing formula, that is, contaminated soils (dry weight):cement:lime= 100:25:25, with 5 wt% additional sodium silicate and 2 wt% additional PAC, was applied to the engineering application of NB contaminated soils. Both the leaching test results of the product and the ambient air quality monitoring results met related regulations during the treating process.

关键词： solidification/stabilization nitrobenzene contaminated soils powder activated carbon